Dataset: Annual Mean Air Temperature at Rothamsted 1878-2023

Citation:  Sarah Perryman, Tony Scott, Chris Hall (2024). Dataset: Annual Mean Air Temperature at Rothamsted 1878-2023 Electronic Rothamsted Archive, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK DOI : https://doi.org/10.23637/rms-RMAAtemp-03.
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Annual Mean Rothamsted Temperature 1878-2022 (figure)

Annual Mean Rothamsted Temperature 1878-2022 (figure)

Summary

Rothamsted has one of the longest running continuous sets of meteorological recordings in the world. The figure shows the annual mean air temperature at Rothamsted every year from 1878-2022. Also shown is the mean over each five-year period, 1878-1882, 1883-1887, etc. The red line shows the mean temperature, 1878-1987. Mean annual air temperature has fluctuated considerably, however, when the variation in annual temperature is smoothed using five-year means, it is apparent that air temperatures have risen sharply since 1987 (Scott, 2015). The mean air temperature at Rothamsted in 2022 was 11.23°C which is 2.17°C higher than the 1878-1987 average (9.06°C). The 10 warmest years on record occurred since 1999. Much of the rise in annual mean temperatures is due to temperature increases in the autumn and winter months, and in night-time temperatures.

Methods

Summary data used for this chart are derived from annual daily data measured at Rothamsted Meteorological Station. The mean daily temperature is measured over a 24-hour period 0900 to 0900 GMT and calculated from the daily maximum (Tmax) and minimum temperatures (Tmin); the mean daily temperature = (Tmax = Tmin)/2.

Technical Information

First recorded in 1878, Tmax was then measured using a mercury column thermometer and Tmin using a spirit-in-glass with indicator bar minimum thermometer. Since 2004 temperature is recorded by thermistors (electronic temperature probes, Campbell Scientific, type 107).

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Contributors

  • Sarah Perryman: Data curator
  • Margaret Glendining: Data curator
  • Richard Ostler: Project leader
  • Tony Scott: Data collector
  • Nathalie Castells: Data manager
  • Chris Hall: Data collector
  • Andy Gregory: Project manager

Dataset Access and Conditions

Rights Holder

Rothamsted Research

License

Creative Commons License This dataset is available under a Creative Commons Attribution Licence (4.0).

Cite this Dataset

YOU MUST CITE AS: Sarah Perryman, Tony Scott, Chris Hall (2024). Dataset: Annual Mean Air Temperature at Rothamsted 1878-2023 Electronic Rothamsted Archive, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK https://doi.org/10.23637/rms-RMAAtemp-03

Please review our How to Credit Datasets guidance for more information.

Conditions of Use

Rothamsted relies on the integrity of users to ensure that datasets are used appropriately and Rothamsted Research receives suitable acknowledgment as being the originators of these data. Please review the Conditions of Use before downloading.

Table Of Contents

An Excel file containing annual mean temperature for each year and a chart of these data.

The annual summary data contained in this spreadsheet are derived from daily data measured at Rothamsted Meteorological Station, Harpenden using MS Excel.

Verification includes checks for instrument errors, for missing data and outliers.

  • The dataset Annual Mean Air Temperature at Rothamsted 1878-2023 is a published dataset from the e-RA Database. e-RA is part of the Rothamsted Long-Term Experiments - National Bioscience Research Infrastructure (RLTE-NBRI), which also covers maintenance of the Long-Term Experiments, the Rothamsted Sample Archive and Rothamsted's environmental monitoring activities including the weather stations and its role in the UK Environmental Change Network
  • The RLTE-NBRI is funded by UK Research and Innovation - Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (UKRI-BBSRC) under award BBS/E/RH/23NB0007 (2023-2028). The RLTE-NBRI is also supported by the Lawes Agricultural Trust. e-RA has been part of a National Capability since 2012, previous awards from the BBSRC were Grants BBS/E/C/00005189 (2012-2017) and BBS/E/C/000J0300 (2017-2022)
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For further information and assistance, please contact the e-RA curators, Sarah Perryman and Margaret Glendining using the e-RA email address: era@rothamsted.ac.uk