Dataset: Total Annual Rainfall at Rothamsted 1853-2023
- DOI: 10.23637/rmsTARain1853-2023-01
- Experiment: Rothamsted Weather Station
- Files included in the download:
- Total Annual Rainfall at Rothamsted 1853-2023 (xlsx)
- Version: 1.0
- Keywords: climate - meteorological factors - meteorological station - precipitation - rain - rainfall patterns - Rothamsted Research - weather - weather data
- Author(s): Tony Scott, Chris Hall, Sarah Perryman
- Publisher: Electronic Rothamsted Archive, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
Total Annual Rainfall (mm) at Rothamsted 1853-2023
Summary
This dataset contains the total annual rainfall, at Rothamsted from 1853 - 2023 and is based on continuous daily records measured at the site.
Methods
Daily rainfall is measured as the total (mm) over the 24-hour period 0900 to 0900 GMT. It includes all precipitation - snow, rain, mist and fog. Rainfall was first recorded at Rothamsted in 1853, using a copper funnel rain gauge (5 inch / 12.7 cm diameter) and measured using a graduated cylinder. Data was collected daily, manually, until 2004 and since then by Automatic Weather Station using a standard protocol. Since 2004 it has been measured using an electronic tipping bucket rain gauge (10 inch / 25.4cm diameter), ARG100, calibrated to tip at 0.2mm (which has since become the minimum amount of rain that can be recorded). The rain gauge is placed within a 30cm deep 1.5m radius turf wall, retained by brick, to reduce wind eddies that may potentially blow rain out of the gauges. Since Sept 9th 2020 it has been recorded with an SBS500 tipping bucket rain gauge, funnel diameter 25.2cm and calibrated to tip at 0.2mm, manufactured by Environmental Measurements Ltd (EML), supplied and calibrated by Campbell Scientific. It is no longer sited within the turf wall, as the aerodynamics of the gauge means that it should not be affected by wind eddies. From December 10th 2003 to 8th Sept 2020 it was measured by an electronic tipping bucket rain gauge of 25.4cm (10 inch) diameter, ARG100 (manufactured by EML, supplied and calibrated by Campbell Scientific), calibrated to tip at 0.2mm, within the original turf wall. The old 5 inch manual copper rain gauge is still used to manually measure precipitation fallen as snow when the tipping bucket rain gauge is blocked with snow or ice.
NOTE 1. There is a slight discrepancy in the amount of rain measured by the ARG100 rain gauge between 10/12/2003 and 09/09/2020 a correction factor is advised for these data.
NOTE 2. Rain recording started at Rothamsted in March 1853 and thus the total for that year is for 10 months March-December.
Technical Information
Location: Rothamsted Meteorological Station, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, England 51.82 N 0.37 W 128 m asl.
Over time, there have been changes to the rain gauges used: 06/02/1853 – 1948; 5 inch (12.7cm) diameter (cylindrical gauge), at ground level. 1948 – 11/12/2003; MK2 5 inch (12.7cm) diameter (cylindrical gauge), in turf wall. 11/12/2003 – 09/09/2020; ARG100 10 inch (25.4cm) (tipping bucket, hourglass), in turf wall. 09/09/2020 – present; SBS500 9.9 inch (25.1cm) (tipping bucket, hourglass), at ground level.
Related Documents
- Yates, F. (1969) The Broadbalk Yields: Investigations into the Effects of Weather :
- Penman, H.L. Rothamsted Weather (Rothamsted Annual Report 1974) :
- Macdonald, A. et al. (2018) Guide to the Classical and Long-Term Experiments :
Related Datasets
Contributors
- Sarah Perryman: Data curator
- Margaret Glendining: Data curator
- Tony Scott: Data collector
- Chris Hall: Data collector
- Andy Gregory: Project manager
- Nathalie Castells: Data manager
- Richard Ostler: Project leader
Dataset Access and Conditions
Rights Holder
Rothamsted Research
License
This dataset is
available under a Creative Commons
Attribution Licence (4.0).
Cite this Dataset
YOU MUST CITE AS: Tony Scott, Chris Hall, Sarah Perryman (2024). Dataset: Total Annual Rainfall at Rothamsted 1853-2023 Electronic Rothamsted Archive, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK https://doi.org/10.23637/rmsTARain1853-2023-01
Please review our How to Credit Datasets guidance for more information.
Conditions of Use
Rothamsted relies on the integrity of users to ensure that datasets are used appropriately and Rothamsted Research receives suitable acknowledgment as being the originators of these data. Please review the Conditions of Use before downloading.
Table Of Contents
An Excel file containing monthly and annual total rainfall for each year, and charts of these data.
The annual summary data contained in this spreadsheet are derived from daily data measured at Rothamsted Meteorological Station, Harpenden. Total annual data are derived from the monthly data determined from daily data using MS Excel.
Verification includes checks for instrument errors, for missing data and outliers.
The original raw daily data is available, after registering, from the e-RA database. Please contact the e-RA Curators for an access password and further details.
We thank the many weather recorders who have contributed to the collection of these data over the years; Dave Yeoman (past) John Croft - Met Observer (past) Bob Norrish (past) Denise Legg (past) Chris Hall (past) Paul Hargreaves (past) Tim Hall (1990s) Helen Martin (past) Alan Thornhill (past) Aiming Qi (past) Phil Styles (past) Andrew Hunt (past)
- The dataset Total Annual Rainfall at Rothamsted 1853-2023 is a published dataset from the e-RA Database. e-RA is part of the Rothamsted Long-Term Experiments - National Bioscience Research Infrastructure (RLTE-NBRI), which also covers maintenance of the Long-Term Experiments, the Rothamsted Sample Archive and Rothamsted's environmental monitoring activities including the weather stations and its role in the UK Environmental Change Network
- The RLTE-NBRI is funded by UK Research and Innovation - Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (UKRI-BBSRC) under award BBS/E/RH/23NB0007 (2023-2028). The RLTE-NBRI is also supported by the Lawes Agricultural Trust. e-RA has been part of a National Capability since 2012, previous awards from the BBSRC were Grants BBS/E/C/00005189 (2012-2017) and BBS/E/C/000J0300 (2017-2022)
For further information and assistance, please contact the e-RA curators, Sarah Perryman and Margaret Glendining using the e-RA email address: era@rothamsted.ac.uk